groups develop new traits to better suit their environment and eventually cant interbreed and a new species is formedHow reproductive or geographic isolation affects speciation?
Both keep populations from breeding and if two populations do not breed with eachother for a period of time there gene pool may change from natural selection and adaption to an environment. For example if two populations are separated after an earthquake by a canyon and one side is dry and the other is more wet. the two popultions with evolve and naturally select traits that are better for the population to adapt. Soon the genepools may be greatly different. After many generations if members of both populations are brought together in a communal neutral environment there is a lower chance they will breed. If mutations occur during the separation then breeding may be impaired due to mismatch of the chromosomes, at this point biological speciation has occurred
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